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【英文标准名称】:StandardSpecificationforHelmetsUsedforDownhillMountainBicycleRacing
【原文标准名称】:下山自行车赛用头盔标准规范
【标准号】:ASTMF1952-2010
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2010
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F08.53
【标准类型】:(Specification)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:bicycle;downhill;helmets;mountain;racing;Bicycleequipment--specifications;Downhillmountainbicycleracing;Protectiveheadgear--specifications;Racing;Sportsprotectiveequipment--specifications
【摘要】:1.1Thisspecificationcoversperformancerequirementsforhelmetsusedbydownhillmountainbicycleriders.Studieshaveshownhigherrisktotheheadandfaceforthissportascomparedtorecreationalstreetriding;hence,thisspecificationrequiresgreaterimpactprotectionandprovidesperformancecriteriaforchinbarsonfull-facehelmets,butdoesnotrequirefull-facehelmets.Thisspecificationrecognizesthedesirabilityoflightweightconstructionandventilation;however,itisaperformancespecificationandisnotintendedtorestrictdesign.1.2AlltestingandrequirementsofthisspecificationshallbeinaccordancewithTestMethodsF1446,exceptwherenotedherein.1.3Partialutilizationofthisstandardisprohibited.Anystatementofcompliancewiththisspecificationmustbeacertificationthattheproductmeetsalloftherequirementsofthisspecificationinitsentirety.Aproductthatfailstomeetanyoneoftherequirementsofthisspecificationisconsideredtohavefailedthisstandard,andshouldnotbesoldwithanyindicationthatitmeetspartsofthisstandard.1.4Headgeardesignedtocomplywiththisandotherstandardsmayproclaimusesascertifiedbythemanufacturer.1.5ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.6Thefollowingsafetycaveatappliestothechemical,mechanical,orphysical,oracombinationthereof,testmethodsdescribedhereinandismeantspecificallyforthoseperformingthetests(inanefforttoprovidethemwithnoticetotaketheappropriateprecautionswhenconductingthetests):Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:Y14
【国际标准分类号】:13_340_20
【页数】:3P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardPracticeforDosimetryinanX-Ray(Bremsstrahlung)FacilityforRadiationProcessing
【原文标准名称】:辐射处理用X-射线(韧致辐射)设备的辐射量测定的标准规程
【标准号】:ASTMISO/ASTM51608-2005
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:2005
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E10.01
【标准类型】:(ISO/ASTM)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:absorbeddose;bremsstrahlung;dosedistribution;dosemapping;dosimeter;dosimetricprocedures;dosimetry;electronaccelerator;electronbeam;facilitycharacterization;ionizingradiation;irradiatorcharacterization;photon;radiation;radiationdosi
【摘要】:4.1AvarietyofproductsandmaterialsmaybeirradiatedwithX-radiationtomodifytheircharacteristicsandimprovetheeconomicvalueorforhealth-relatedpurposes.Examplesaresingle-usemedicaldevices(sterilization),agriculturalcommodities(preservation),andvariouspolymericproducts(materialmodification).DosimetryrequirementsforX-rayprocessingmayvarydependingonthetypeandenduseoftheproduct.4.2Dosimetersareusedasmeansofmonitoringtheradiationprocess.NOTE3-Dosimetryisrequiredforregulatedirradiationprocesses,suchasthesterilizationofmedicaldevicesandthepreservationoffood,becausetheresultsmayaffectthehealthoftheconsumer.Itislessimportantforotherindustrialprocesses,suchaspolymermodification,whichcanbeevaluatedbychangesinthephysicalpropertiesoftheirradiatedmaterials.Nevertheless,routinedosimetrymaybeusedtomonitorthereproducibilityofthetreatmentprocess.NOTE4-Itisnecessarytospecifythematerialinwhichradiationisabsorbed.Frequently,waterisselectedasthereferencematerialforthispurpose.Waterisaconvenientmediumtousebecauseitsradiationabsorptionandscatteringpropertiesareclosetothoseoftissueanditisuniversallyavailableandunderstood.Therequirementoftissueequivalencyhistoricallyoriginatedfromradiationtherapyapplications.AbsorbeddoseinmaterialsotherthanwatermaybedeterminedbyapplyingconversionfactorsinaccordancewithISO/ASTMGuide51261.4.3Radiationprocessingspecificationsusuallyincludeapairofabsorbed-doselimits:aminimumvaluetoensuretheintendedbeneficialeffectandamaximumvaluetoavoidproductdegradation.Foragivenapplication,oneorbothofthesevaluesmaybeprescribedbyprocessspecificationsorregulations.Knowledgeofthedosedistributionwithinirradiatedmaterialisessentialtomeettheserequirements.4.4Severalcriticalparametersmustbecontrolledtoobtainreproducibledosedistributionsintheprocessedmaterials.TheprocessingrateanddosedistributiondependontheX-rayintensity,photonenergyspectrum,spatialdistributionoftheradiationfield,conveyorspeed,andproductconfiguration(seeSections5,8,andAnnexA1).4.5Theirradiationprocessmustbequalifiedtodetermineitseffectivenessindeliveringknown,controllabledoses.Thisinvolvestestingtheprocessequipment,calibratingthemeasuringinstrumentsanddosimetrysystem,anddemonstratingtheabilityoftheprocesstodeliverdosedistributionsinareliableandreproduciblemanner(seeSections9and10).4.6Toensureconsistentdosedeliveryinaqualifiedirradiationprocess,routineprocesscontrolrequiresproceduresforroutineproductdosimetry,producthandlingbeforeandafterthetreatment,prescribedorientationoftheproductsduringirradiation,monitoringofcriticalprocessparameters,anddocumentationoftherequiredactivitiesandfunctions(seeSections11and12).1.1ThispracticeoutlinestheinstallationqualificationprogramforanX-ray(bremsstrahlung)irradiatorandthedosimetricprocedurestobefollowedduringoperationalqualification,performancequalificationandroutineprocessingtoensurethattheentireproducthasbeentreatedwithinapredeterminedrangeofabsorbeddose.Otherproceduresrelatedtooperationalqualification,performancequalificationandroutineprocessingthatmayinfluenceabsorbeddoseintheproductarealsodiscussed.InformationabouteffectiveorregulatorydoselimitsandenergylimitsforX-radiationisnotwithinthescopeofthispractice.1.2Incontrasttomonoenergeticgammaradiation,thebremsstrahlungenergyspectrumextendsfromlowvalues(about35keV)uptothemaximumenergyoftheelectronsincidentontheX-raytarget(seeSectionand).1.3Dosimetryisonlyonecomponentofatot......
【中国标准分类号】:
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:17P.;A4
【正文语种】: